A recent article published in Nature Reviews reported that despite its adverse effects, chronic opioid use is increasing worldwide, especially in the USA and Canada. The article discussed that chronic opioid use for non-cancer pain can have negative effects in the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems in particular, that is: opioid-induced constipation, narcotic bowel syndrome, worsening psychopathology, and addiction. In conclusion, a multimodal approach targeting both pain intensity and quality of life was recommended for pain management in patients with chronic pain, since such pain is complex and involves emotional and social factors.¹

Reference

1. Szigethy E, Knisely M, Drossman D. Opioid misuse in gastroenterology and non-opioid management of abdominal pain. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.141.